Tom Middendorf obtained his PhD in from Stanford in 1991. He joined the Aldrich lab as a post-doctoral fellow shortly afterwards where he was co-mentored by Dr. Richard Aldrich and Dr. Denis Baylor. Tom's previous work in the Aldrich lab has combined spectroscopic and electrophysiological techniques to study cyclic nucleotide-activated channels and calcium-activated potassium channels. Currently, Tom has been developing a site-specific binding measurement being used to study the multi-site calcium-binding protein, calmodulin. In addition, Tom is also developing a general theory for the structure of protein-ligand binding curves and the identifiability of cooperativity and affinity parameters.